_About
Paolo Balboni (Ph.D.) is a top tier European lawyer specialized in Privacy, ESG, Data Sharing, AI, ICT and Cybersecurity law. He serves as Data Protection Officer (DPO) for multinational companies.
He is a qualified lawyer admitted to the Milan Bar and the Amsterdam Bar and is a Founding Partner of ICT Legal Consulting (ICTLC), an international law firm with offices in Milan, Rome, Bologna, Amsterdam, Athens, Helsinki, Madrid, Paris, Lagos, Melbourne, Nairobi and Riyadh, and partner law firms in more than 50 countries around the world. He is a Founder of ICT Cyber Consulting, a company specialized in information/data security.
Together with his team he advises clients on legal issues related to cybersecurity, privacy and data protection, AI, ESG, IT contracts, cloud/edge/quantum computing, and regulatory issues related to telecommunications and electronic communications, payments, e-commerce, digital marketing and advertising, regulations and liabilities of digital platforms, e-health, and general IP matters. He has long-term expertise in the ICT, Food and Beverage, Energy, Entertainment, Education, Healthcare, Automotive, Logistics and Transportation Solutions, Fashion, Human Resources Management, Insurance, and Financial and Banking sectors, including Fintech, and with specific reference to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorist Financing (CFT) matters.
Paolo is also Professor of Privacy, Cybersecurity, and IT Contract Law at the European Centre on Privacy and Cybersecurity (ECPC) within the Maastricht University Faculty of Law. He is Chairman of the European Patent Office (EPO) Data Protection Board, Member of the EUMETSAT Data Protection Supervisory Authority, Member of the Europrivacy Board of Experts, Member of the European Commission’s Expert Group on B2B data sharing and cloud computing contracts, Member of the Cloud Security Alliance’s AI Safety Expert Group, and Member of the General-purpose AI Code of Practice Plenary.
Paolo is Co-Chair of the Cloud Security Alliance Privacy Level Agreement (PLA). Leading partner ranked by The Legal 500 EMEA 2025 in the areas of Data Privacy and Data Protection and Industry Focus: TMT. He is also ranked in Chambers (TMT: IT).
Paolo is involved in European Commission studies on new technologies and participated in the revision of the EU Commission proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation. He played an active role in the drafting of the European Union Commission Data Protection Code of Conduct for Cloud Service Providers. Paolo furthermore advises governments on national matters concerning cybersecurity and privacy and in 2018, he drafted the national Surinamese Privacy and Data Protection Law.
Keynote speaker at numerous international conferences on the legal aspects of Cybersecurity, ICT contracts, Privacy & Data Protection matters; Paolo is the author of three books, Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility (Edward Elgar) and Trustmarks in E-Commerce: The Value of Web Seals and the Liability of their Providers (T.M.C Asser Press), and the Annotated Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 (Noetico Repertum Inc., Lagos), and of numerous other publications.
Graduated in Law at the University of Bologna (Italy) in 2002, Paolo completed his Ph.D. in Comparative Technology Law at Tilburg University (The Netherlands) in 2008.
He speaks Italian, English and Dutch fluently and has good knowledge of French, Spanish, and German.

Chairman of the European Patent Office (EPO) Data Protection Board
Member of the EUMETSAT Data Protection Supervisory Authority
Member of the Europrivacy Board of Experts
Member of the European Commission’s Expert Group on B2B data sharing and cloud computing contracts
Member of the Cloud Security Alliance’s AI Safety Expert Group
Member of the General-purpose AI Code of Practice Plenary
– Balboni, P. (2009) “Trustmarks in E-Commerce. The Value of Web Seals and the Liability of their Providers”, T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague (2009) – 240 Pages
– Balboni, P. & Francis, K. (2023) “Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility”, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham – 292 Pages
– Balboni, P. & Babalola, O. (2023) “Annotated Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023”, Noetico Repertum Inc., Lagos – 338 Pages
2024
- Balboni, P. & Francis, K. (2024) “Data ethics and digital sustainability: Bridging legal data protection compliance and ESG for a responsible data-driven future”, Journal of Responsible Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2024.100099
- Balboni, P. (2024) “Chapter 10: Cloud Services”. In Massimo Marelli (ed.), Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action. Cambridge University Press, 146-169
- Balboni, P. & Taborda Barata, M. (February 2024) “Regulating Data Protection in Cloud Computing”, CPI TechREG Chronicle
- Balboni, P. et. al (2024) Chapter 2: “Building a Secure Organization”, Chapter 53: “Privacy-enhancing Technologies”, Chapter 54: “Personal Privacy Policies”, and Chapter 63: “Securing Cloud Computing Systems”, and Chapter 64A: “Cloud Security Trends”, in Morgan Kaufmann’s (an imprint of Elsevier Inc.) “Computer And Information Security Handbook, 4th Edition”
- Balboni, P. & Francis, K. (2024) “Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility”, Privacy Laws & Business
- Balboni, P. & Tugnoli, F. (2024) Art. 24-bis, Art. 25-novies, Art. 67. In Guido Stampanoni Bassi, Lorenzo Nicolò Meazza (eds), Commentario al Decreto sulla responsabilità da reato degli Enti D.lgs. 231/2001 – Seconda edizione. Pacini Editore Srl, Pisa, Italy
- Balboni, P. (2024) ‘Italy’ in Jos Dumortier, Pieter Gryffory, Ruben Roex, Yung Shin Van Der Sype (Eds.) IEL Privacy and Technololgy Law, Kluwer Law International BV, Netherlands
2023
- Balboni, P. & Babalola, O. (2023) “Annotated Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023”, Noetico Repertum Inc., Lagos
- Balboni, P. & Francis, K. (2023) “Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility”, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK
2022
- Balboni, P. & Francis, K. (16 March 2022) “Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility”, ECPC Website (an 82-page paper which summarizes the research output of the past two years in the context of the Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility research project which I have led at ECPC)
2021
- Balboni, P. & Tugnoli, F. (2021) Art. 24-bis, Art. 25-novies, Art. 67. In Guido Stampanoni Bassi, Lorenzo Nicolò Meazza (eds), Commentario al Decreto sulla responsabilità da reato degli Enti D.lgs. 231/2001. Pacini Editore Srl, Pisa, Italy, 161, 262, 523
2020
- Balboni, P. (2020) Chapter 20: Managing Legal Compliance Risk in the Cloud and Negotiating Personal Data Protection Requirements with Vendors. In John Vacca (ed.), Cloud Computing Security: Foundations and Challenges (2nd ed.). CRC Press (an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC), Boca Raton, Florida, United States
- Balboni, P. et al. (2020) Designing Connected and Automated Vehicles around Legal and Ethical Concerns – Data Protection as a Corporate Social Responsibility. WAIEL2020, September 3, 2020, Athens, Greece
2019
- Balboni, P. et al. (2019) Accountability and Enforcement Aspects of the EU General Data Protection Regulation – Methodology for the Creation of an Effective Compliance Framework and a Review of Recent Case Law. The Indian Journal of Law and Technology, Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019, 103-254
- Balboni, P. & Bolognini, L. (2019) Chapter 4: IoT and Cloud Computing: Specific Security and Data Protection Issues. In Sébastien Ziegler (ed.) Internet of Things Security and Data Protection, 1st Edition. Springer International Publishing, Basel, Switzerland, 71-79
- Balboni, P. (2019) Data Protection by Design in Smart Data Environments. In Kuan-Ching Li, Beniamino Di Martino, Laurence T. Yang & Qingchen Zhang (eds.). Smart Data: State-of-the-Art Perspectives in Computing and Applications, 1st Edition. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (FL), 359-370
- Balboni, P. & Macenaite, M. (2019) The Relationship between Personal Data Protection and Use of Information to Fight Online Terrorist Propaganda, Recruitment, and Radicalization. In John Vacca (ed). Online Terrorist Propaganda, Recruitment, and Radicalization, 1st Edition. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (FL)
- Balboni, P. & Taborda Barata, M. (2019) Legal Aspects of Blockchain Technology: Smart contracts, intellectual property and data protection. In Kuan-Chin Li, Xiaofeng Chen, Hai Jiang & Elisa Bertino (eds). Essentials of Blockchain Technology, Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (FL), 293-348
2018
- Balboni, P. & Dragan, T. (2018) Controversies and Challenges of Trustmarks: Lessons for Privacy and Data Protection Seals. In Rodrigues, R. & Papakonstantinou, V. (eds). Privacy and Data Protection Seals – Information Technology and Law Series, T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, 83-112
2017
- Balboni, P. et al. (2017) Whitepaper on Cloud Technology Options towards Free Flow of Data (v1.3), ©DPSP Cluster, 110 pages
2016
- Balboni, P. (2016) Il cloud computing e l’internet of things (“IoT”): come minimizzare i rischi legali, ICT Security (Tecna Editrice), 26-30
- Balboni, P. (2016) Chapter 20: Managing Legal Compliance Risk in the Cloud and Negotiating Personal Data Protection Requirements with Vendors. In J. R. Vacca (ed.), Cloud Computing Security: Foundations and Challenges, CRC Press (an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC), Boca Raton, Florida-US, 267-276.
2015
- Balboni, P. (2015) Personal Data Protection Aspects of Big Data. In Kuan-Ching Li, Hai Jiang, Laurence T. Yang, and Alfredo Cuzzocrea (eds.), Big Data Algorithms, Analytics, and Applications, Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (FL), 283-300
2014
- Balboni P., Pelino E., Scudiero L. (2014) Rethinking the one-stop-shop mechanism: legal certainty and legitimate expectation, 30 Computer Law & Security Review, 392-402
- Balboni, P. & Partesotti, C. (2014) Digital Right Management in the Cloud. In K.C. Li, Q. Li & T. K. Shih (eds.) Cloud Computing and Digital Media: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Applications, Chapman and Hall/CRC, London, 345-358
- Balboni, P. & Converso, D. (2014) Bring Your Own Device – Legal Analysis & Practical TIPs for an effective BYOD corporate Policy, ICTLC Papers, 13 pages
2013
- Balboni, P. et al. (2013) Data Protection and Data Security by Design Applied to Financial Intelligence. In N. Pohlmann, H. Reimer & W. Schneider (eds.), ISSE 2013 Securing Electronic Business Processes, Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 73-85
- Balboni, P. (2013) Sicurezza informatica per proteggere i dati personali ed estrarne valore, Security Hub, 5 Sept-Oct 2013, 4-5
- Balboni, P. & Pelino, E. (2013) Law Enforcement Agencies’ Activities in the Cloud Environment: a European Legal Perspective, Information & Communications Technology Law, Volume 22, Issue 2, 2013, 165-190
- Balboni, P. et al. (2013) Legitimate interest of the data controller New data protection paradigm: legitimacy grounded on appropriate protection, International Data Privacy Law, 3 (4): 244-261
- Balboni, P. & Macenaite, M. (2013) Privacy by design and anonymisation techniques in action: case study of Ma3tch technology, Computer Law & Security Review: The International Journal of Technology Law and Practice 29 (2013), pp. 330-340
- Balboni, P. (2013) Profilazione e pubblicità comportamentale. In N. Bernardi, M. Perego, M. Polacchini & M. Soffientini (eds.), Privacy Officer. La figura chiave della data protection europea, IPSOA, Milan, 148–158
- Balboni, P. & Fontana, F. (2013) Cloud computing: A guide to evaluate and negotiate cloud service agreements in the light of the actual European legal framework ICT Law Review, issue 1/2013
2012
- Balboni, P. (2012) Contracting with the cloud: analyzing the EU position, Data Protection Law & Policy, Volume 9 issue 10
- Balboni, P. et al. (2012) Procure Secure: A guide to monitoring of security service levels in cloud contracts, European Network and Information Security Agency (ed.), 63 pages
2011
- Balboni, P. (2011) Best Practice legali per il Marketing online, MagNews by Diennea, 42 pages
- Balboni, P., Bolognini, L., Fulco, D., Pelino, E (2011) Cloud computing e tutela dei dati personali in Italia: una sfida d’esempio per l’Europa, Istituto Italiano per la Privacy (www.istitutoitalianoprivacy.it), Roma, 2011
- Balboni, P. & Iafelice, B. (2011) Mobile cloud for enabling the EU eHealth sector Regulatory issues and opportunities for Telecom World (ITU WT), 2011 Technical Symposium at ITU, Geneva, 51-56
- Balboni, P. & Pelino, E. (2011) ID & Access Management in the Cloud as a Compliance Tool for Data Protection and Data Security, Identity. Next news.
- Balboni, P. et al. (2011) Legal Analysis. In European Network and Information Security Association (ed.), Security & Resilience in Governmental Clouds, 99-122
2010
- Balboni, P. (2010) The Ultimate Expression of Outsourcing, InfoSecurity
- Balboni, P. (2010) Google, Street View, and Privacy: An Objective Look from Europe, Diritto, Economia e Tecnologie della Privacy, No.1, pp. 47-54
- Balboni, P. (2010) Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing: The European Regulatory Approach. Executive Action Report, No.335, The Conference Board, October 2010
- Balboni, P. (2010) Data Protection and Data Security Issues Related to Cloud Computing in the EU. In N. Pohlmann, H. Reimer & W. Schneider (eds.), ISSE 2010 Securing Electronic Business Processes, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 163-172
- Balboni, P. (2010) Stop Fighting Each Other!, in ‘Google & Privacy: Is the Web Giant Invading Our Private Lives? – A Spiked Debate, Spiked (20 July 2010)
2009
- Balboni, P. et al. (2009) Cloud Computing: Key Legal Issues. In European Network and Information Security Association (ed.), Cloud Computing Risk Assessment, 95-109
- Balboni, P. (2009) E-commerce e certificati di qualità dei siti Internet, Il Sole 24 Ore – Avvocati 24
- Balboni, P. (2009) Trustmarks in E-Commerce. The Value of Web Seals and the Liability of their Providers, T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 240 pages
2008
- Balboni, P. et al. (2008) Juicio europeo a la web 2.0, Computer Hoy, N° 256 Año X 14-15
- Balboni, P. et al. (2008) Liability of Web 2.0 Service Providers – A Comparative Look, Computer Law Review International Issue 3 pp. 65-71
- Balboni, P. et al. (2008) Setting the boundaries. Intermediary liability in a Web 2.0 world (Part 2), Copyright World (May issue) 24-26
- Balboni, P. et al. (2008) Setting the boundaries. Intermediary liability in a Web 2.0 world (Part 1), Copyright World (April issue) 24-26
- Balboni, P. (2008) Il diritto al nome e il diritto all’anonimato su internet: cenni giurisprudenziali e riflessioni sul quadro normativo italiano, in Finocchiaro, G. (ed.) Diritto all’anonimato. Anonimato, nome e identità personale (Cedam: Padova) 321-334
2007
- Balboni, P. & Stella, D. (2007) Decision of the Court of Rome on 14 July 2007: a set-back in copyright owners’ fight against illegal file-sharing, Bird & Bird Privacy and data Protection Newsletter issue 14 – November 2007
- Balboni, P. & Baccetti, E.C. (2007) Italy: New Umbilical Cord Blood Bank provisions coming soon, Bird & Bird Life Sciences Newsletter – October 2007
- Balboni, P. (2007) Model for an Adequate Liability System for Trustmark Organisations, in International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry – Vol. 1, No.1/2, 151-163
- Balboni, P. & Fulgoni, F. (2007) Notifications of Data Security Breaches – Italy, Bird & Bird Privacy and Data Protection Newsletter issue 12 – February 2007
2006
- Balboni, P. (2006) Model for an Adequate Liability System for Trustmark Organisations. In S. M. Kerkegaard (ed.), Legal, Privacy, and Security Issues in Information Technology – Volume 1. The First International Conference on Legal, Privacy and Security Issues in IT Hamburg, Germany April 30 – May 2, 2006 Proceedings (Oslo: COMPLEX 3/06, Institutt for rettsinformatikk), pp. 97-111
- Balboni, P. (2006) Whose e-ID right is it anyway?, Egovmonitor (Monday, 24 April 2006)
2005
- Balboni, P. (2005) Managing the Legal Risk in Providing Online Quality Certification Services in EU. In S. Paulus, N. Pohlmann, & H. Reimer (eds.), ISSE 2005 Securing Electronic Business Processes, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 189–200
- Balboni, P. (2005) Video Surveillance and Related Privacy and Data Protection Issues: The Italian Experience. In S. Nouwt, B. de Vries, & C. Prins (eds.), Reasonable Expectation of Privacy? Eleven Country Reports on Camera Surveillance and Workplace Privacy, T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 293–322
2004
- Balboni, P. (2004) CCTV and Workplace Privacy – Italy. In S. Paulus, N. Pohlmann, & H. Reimer (eds.), ISSE 2004 Securing Electronic Business Processes, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 333–345
- Balboni, P. (2004) Liability of Certification Service Providers towards Relying Parties and the Need for a Clear System to Enhance the Level of Trust in Electronic Communication. In Information & Communications Technology Law, 13(3), 211-242
- Balboni, P., & Lasance, M. (2004) Who Am I? Who Are You? The Directory and Identity Management Industry Report, Issue 07/04